What Is Zener Diode As A Voltage Regulator

Zener diode is a general purpose diode which behaves like a normal diode when forward biased. There are many different kinds of zener diodes.

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What Is Zener Diode Zener Diode As A Voltage Regulator Explained With Solved Examples

This maximum voltage is determined by the voltage rating of the zener diode.

What is zener diode as a voltage regulator. In tutorials and even college texts there are mentions of creating a zener diode based regulator. As a voltage regulator a stable maximum voltage is allowed to pass through the diode. Zener diode voltage regulator.

They categorized by power dissipation nominal working voltage forward current forward voltage. The idea is that the zener maintains a known voltage drop. The maximum amount of reverse current is limited by the wattage rating of the diode.

The current increases to a maximum and get stabilized. But when it is reverse biased above a certain voltage known as zener breakdown voltage or zener voltage or avalanche point or zener knee voltage the voltage remains constant for a wide range of current. The breakdown voltage or zener voltage across the zener diode fairly remains constant.

The problem is that current matters. Zener diodes are widely used as voltage references and as shunt regulators to regulate the voltage across small circuits. The purpose of a voltage regulator is to maintain a constant voltage across a load regardless of variations in the applied input voltage and variations in the load current.

The stabilized output voltage is always selected to be the same as the breakdown voltage vz of the diode. The zener diode is often used to create a reference voltage. Zener diodes are primarily designed to regulate the output voltage of a power supply.

In breakdown the voltage across the zener diode is close to constant over a wide range of currents thus making it useful as a shunt voltage regulator. A zener diode is one of the specially designed diodes that predominately works in reverse biased conditions. When connected in parallel with a variable voltage source so that it is reverse biased a zener diode conducts when the voltage reaches the diodes reverse breakdown voltage.

The zener voltage regulator consists of a current limiting resistor rs connected in series with the input voltage vs with the zener diode connected in parallel with the load rl in this reverse biased condition. As the reverse voltage applied to the zener diode increases towards the specified breakdown voltage vz a current starts flowing through the diode and this current is known as the zener current and this process is known as avalanche breakdown. They are more heavily doped than ordinary diodes due to which they have narrow depletion region.

While regular diodes get damaged when the voltage across them exceeds the reverse breakdown voltage.

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